Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Infertile Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the preferred term for the condition that was previously referred to as premature menopause or premature ovarian failure. The condition differs from menopause in that there are varying and residual ovarian functions. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of infertile women with premature ovarian insufficiency. Material & Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the OPD of Impulse Fertility Center, Impulse Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was conducted for a period from January 2022 to December 2022. A total of 23 patients who received outdoor treatment during the study period were purposively selected as sample size. A purposive sampling technique was followed in this study. After approval by the Ethics committee of the Hospital, informed consent from the respondents was obtained after explaining the purpose of the study to them. To be included in the study, respondents should have met the classical definition of infertility defined by the WHO as the inability of a sexually active non-contraceptive using woman to have a live birth after 12 or more months of regular sexual intercourse without a malefactor. Women who had male-factor infertility were excluded. In this study live birth was used as a measure of proven fertility (Because couples desire children, not simply pregnancies, infertility affects couples regardless of whether the etiology lies in conception or the progression of the pregnancy). All the necessary laboratory investigations were done. A questionnaire was developed and data were collected by interviewing the patients and some data were collected from the laboratory results. Data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 19 version. Results: All patients had normal puberty, and menarche occurred at ages 11–15, followed by a regular menstrual cycle. Women who presented with oligomenorrhea were younger than patients with infertility. The mean period of oligomenorrhea before diagnosis was 0.9 years in the oligomenorrhea group and 1.8 years in the infertility group. The mean age when the infrequent periods started was 28 years in the group with oligomenorrhea and 29 years in the group with infertility, and their anthropometric characteristics were not different. In most patients, the FSH levels on day 3 of their menstrual cycle were less than 25?mU/ml. FSH levels >25?mU/ml were confirmed in two patients with oligomenorrhea and five patients in the infertility group. AMH levels were low than 1.0?ng/ml (considered to be in poor ovarian reserve ranges: from 0.13 to 1.0?ng/ml in patients with oligomenorrhea and from 0.13 to 0.9?ng/ml in the infertility group. Transvaginal ultrasound-determined AFC on menstrual cycle days 4–8 was accessed in all patients. We consider AFC?<?6 small follicles (diameters 3–9?mm) as a low ovarian reserve indicator. The lowest AFC (one small follicle) was noted in one infertile patient with oligomenorrhea. Conclusion: This study concluded that the subjects usually present with menstrual irregularity (oligomenorrhea) or infertility, and after proper evaluation, their poor ovarian reserve can be confirmed and an occult form of POI established. women who presented with only oligomenorrhea were younger than infertile patients; therefore, menstrual irregularity may be the earliest clinical symptom of occult POI.

A Comparative Study of the Cytohistomorphological and Biochemical Effect of Alcoholic Beverages (Brandy, Beer, Sour Wine, Dry Gin) on the Testes of Adult Male Wistar Rats

This study was designed to evaluate the cytohistomorphological and biochemical effect of alcoholic beverages on the prostate gland of adult male Wistar rats. Sixty-five (65) rats weighing between 180-230g were used for this experiment. They were randomly divided into 13 groups of five (5) animals each. Group 1 was the normal control. Group 2-13 were the experiment groups. Group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 1.23mg/kg, 2.45mg/kg and 3.68mg/kg bodyweight of brandy respectively. Group 5, 6 and 7 were treated with 17.32mg/kg, 34.64mg/ kg and 51.96mg/kg body weight of beer respectively. Group 8, 9 and 10 were treated with 12.25mg/kg, 24.96mg/kg and 36.74mg/kg bodyweight of soured wine respectively. Group 11, 12 and 13 were treated with 1.73mg/kg, 3.46mg/kg and 5.20mg/kg bodyweight of dry gin respectively. Administration was done daily for 28 days and orally using orogastric tube. On the 29th day, the animals were sacrificed using chloroform inhalation anaesthesia. The blood samples were aspirated via cardiac puncture and centrifuged for biochemical analysis, and testicular tissues were harvested, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Body weight showed significant (p<0.05) increase in brandy administered groups compared to control. For testicular weight, there was an insignificant increase in all the treated groups except the group administered with 3.69mg/kg which showed insignificant decrease compared to control. Results for TT showed a general significant (p<0.001) decrease in all administered groups compared to control. FSH showed significant (p<0.05;0.01;0.001) decrease in group administered 3.69mg/kg of brandy, all administered groups of soured wine and group administered 5.20mg/kg of dry gin compared to control. Histology showed narrowed and elongated lumen of seminiferous tubule, hypertrophied sertoli cells, destroyed interstitial cells of leydig, distorted seminiferous tubules with degenerating spermatogenic cells in the administered groups compared to control. In conclusion, alcohol beverages pose adverse effects on the testes.

Protective effect of loboob (a Persian traditional remedy) on sexual hormones, antioxidant activities and stereological changes of testis tissue on busulfan induced oligospermia in rats

Loboob as a traditional drug in Iranis known for its beneficial effects on busulfan-induced oligospermia. In this experimental study, protective effects of loboob (a Persian traditional remedy) on sexual hormones, antioxidant levels and stereological changes of testis tissue were evaluated in an oligospermia rat model induced by busulfan. Fifty male rats were randomly divided into five different groups: control, received no treatments; and the other groups administrated with a single dose of busulfan (10 mg/kg body weight). After 30 days, these groups were treated with 0, 35, 70 or 140 mg/kg/day of loboob for 60 days. Blood samples were collected for hormone and antioxidant enzyme assays. Unbiased stereology was performed on testis tissues to evaluate the volume of different parts of the testis and the number of various testis cells. Data indicated that FSH, LH and MDA were increased, and testosterone, catalase, SOD were decreased in the busulfan group, while treatment with loboob at 70 and 140 mg/kg significantly improved these parameters (P <0.05). Treatment with 70 and 140 mg/kg of loboob ameliorated the germinal epithelium volume, types A and B spermatogonia, spermatocytes, elongated and round spermatids, and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules (P <0.05). High concentration of loboob also improved testis weight and volume, and leydig cell number (P <0.05). Thus, loboob is more effective for the recovery of seminiferous tubules and their cells than for the interstitial tissue. Loboob with various antioxidants, minerals and vitamins could overcome the side effects of busulfan.

Effect of herbicide based formulations on structure and function of testis in rats

For instant weed management, widely used herbicide formulations (HFs) are Paraquat based formulation (PBF) or Glyphosate based formulation (GBF). Here, we investigated the effect of PBF Gramoxone® and GBF Roundup® on the structure and function of the testis of the male Wistar rats at the pubertal or post pubertal stage. Male rats were gavaged with Gramoxone® (5 mg/kg body wt.) or Roundup® (250 mg/kg body wt.). The treatment period of 25 days starts on a postnatal day (PND) 28 to 53 (from pre-pubertal to the pubertal stage) or 60 days from PND 28 to 88 (from prepubertal to the post pubertal stage). Age-matched control animals received distilled water. The structure of the testes was evaluated by observing changes in its histology and the function of the testes was assessed by estimating serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels. No significant effect was observed in the structure and function of the testes of the pubertal stage rats on exposure to both herbicide formulations. However, shrunken and distorted seminiferous tubules with oligozoospermia in testes, a non-significant decrease in FSH and LH, and a significant reduction in testosterone levels were noted in the post pubertal stage rats. The results indicated that changes in the testes of post pubertal groups are due to a longer duration of exposure to the Gramoxone® or Roundup® than in pubertal groups, and also the effect of these two formulations was more on the testis structure and function than on the pituitary-testis axis

Gene Expression Endpoints Following Subchronic Thiamethoxam Exposure in Adult Male Rabbits

Aim: to investigate the sub chronic toxicity of thiamethoxam on some parameters of reproductive performance in adult male rabbits including gene expression of LDH-C4, FSH? and LH? and GnRHR. Method: sixteen adult male Chinchilla rabbits were divided into two equal groups. Animals in the first group were treated orally with TMX at dose of 250 mg/kg body weight for 90 days. The second group was served as control. Result: Obtained results showed that TMX increased the relative weight of some reproductive organs including testis and prostate. Hormonal analysis revealed that, TMX induced a significant elevation in the serum testosterone level, while the concentrations of FSH and LH hormones did not exhibit any alterations between treated and control groups. In addition, LDH-C4, FSH? and LH? and GnRHR genes were down regulated in TMX treated group. Conclusion: Administration of thiamethoxam for 90 days in male rabbits induced a noticeable adverse effect on serum testosterone level and down regulated genes related to male rabbit reproductive performance

LncRNA-m18as1 competitively binds with miR-18a-5p to regulate follicle-stimulating hormone secretion through the Smad2/3 pathway in rat primary pituitary cells / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in different species and different tissues, and perform different functions, but little is known about their involvement in the synthesis or secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In general, we have revealed lncRNA‍‒‍microRNA (miRNA)‍‒‍‍messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions that may play important roles in rat primary pituitary cells. In this study, a new lncRNA was identified for the first time. First, we analyzed the gene expression of lncRNA-m18as1 in different tissues and different stages by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and observed the localization of lncRNA-m18as1 with fluorescence in situ hybridization, which indicated that this lncRNA was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. Next, we used RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to analyze the regulation of FSH synthesis and secretion after overexpression or knockdown of lncRNA-m18as1 and found that lncRNA-m18as1 was positively correlated with FSH synthesis and secretion. In addition, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2) was highly expressed in our sequencing results. We also screened miR-18a-5p from our sequencing results as a miRNA that may bind to lncRNA-m18as1 and Smad2. We used RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR) and/or dual luciferase assays to confirm that lncRNA-m18as1 interacted with miR-18a-5p and miR-18a-5p interacted with Smad2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that lncRNA-m18as1 and miR-18a-5p were localized mainly in the cytoplasm. Finally, we determined the relationship among lncRNA-m18as1, miR-18a-5p, and the Smad2/3 pathway. Overall, we found that lncRNA-m18as1 acts as a molecular sponge of miR-18a-5p to regulate the synthesis and secretion of FSH through the Smad2/3 pathway.

The Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle on LH, FSH, and Testosterone Hormones in Mature Male NMRI Rats

Nanoparticles are widely applied in all aspects of modern life because of their unique features such as small size and high surface area.Several types of research have been carried out to discover the feasible detrimental impacts of Nano-particles on human reproduction. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles in mature male rats through examining LH, FSH, and testosterone sex hormones. Therefore, 30 Naked Mole-RatInitiative (NMRI) rats were divided into 5 groups. Different doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (250, 500 and 700 mg.kg-1) were intraperitoneally injected to animals only once. Then, the serum level of luteinizing hormone(LH), Follicle StimulatingHormone (FSH), and testosterone hormones were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method after 21 days. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles doses caused a significant increase in FSH and testosterone level of blood (Respectively) in 250 and 700mg.kg-1in comparison with the control group. Moreover, this research illustrated that zinc oxide nanoparticle can cause a dose-related increase in Testosterone and FSH hormones levels while causing no significant change in LH hormone level

Determining an optimal cut-off value for follicle-stimulating hormone to predict microsurgical testicular sperm extraction outcome in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the optimal cut-off value for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to predict the outcome of microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Subjects and methods We included a total number of 180 patients with NOA. The serum level of FSH was determined and all the subjects underwent micro-TESE. We determined the optimal cut-off value for FSH and assessed whether the test could be effectively used as a successful predictor of sperm retrieval by calculating the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) area under the curve. Results Overall we included a total number of 171 patients with mean age of 34.3 ± 8.6 years. The micro-TESE was considered to be successful in 79 (43.8%) while it failed in 92 (56.2%) patients. We found that the mean level of serum FSH was significantly higher in group those with failed micro-TEST compared to successful group (p < 0.001). The cut-off value for FSH was calculated to be 14.6 mIU/mL to predictive the outcome of micro-TESE with a sensitivity of 83.5% [73.5%-90.9%] and a specificity of 80.3% [69.5%-88.5%]. At this value, the other parameters were calculated to be PPV, 81.5%; NPV, 82.4; LR+, 4.23; and LR-, 0.21. Conclusions The results of the current study indicate that FSH plasma levels above 14.6 mIU/mL can be considered to be the failure predictor of the micro-TESE in NOA patients.

Rapid Health Technology Assessment of Recombinant FSH versus Urine FSH in Ovulation Induction Therapy for in vitro Fertilization/intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection -embryo Transfer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To compare th e efficacy ，safety and economics of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone （rFSH）and urin follicle stimulating hormone （uFSH）in the ovulation induction therapy for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer ，and to provide evidence-based evidence for rational use of rFSH in the clinic. METHODS ： Retrieved from PubMed ，Embase，the Cochrane Library ，CNKI，VIP，Wanfang database as well as professional health technology assessment（HTA）database，HTA，systematic review/Meta-analysis and economic studies were collected to compare the effects of rFSH versus urine FSH （uFSH）in ovulation induction for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injectionembryo transfer （IVF/ICSI-ET）. After literature screening ，data extiaction and quality evaluation ，the conclusions of the included studies were summarized by using qualitative description. RESULTS ：A total of 7 literatures were included ，involving 2 systematic reviews/ Meta-analysis and 5 economic evaluations ，and no HTA report was retrieved. All the studies were reported from abroad. Systematic evaluation/Meta-analysis showed that the number of oocytes obtained in the rFSH group was higher than that in the uFSH group. There was no statistical significance in persistent pregnancy rate ，clinical pregnancy rate ，live birth rate ，abortion rate and the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome （OHSS）between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. Economic research showed that rFSH may have cost-effective advantage. CONCLUSIONS ：Current available evidence support that rFSH has simialr efficacy and safety for ovulation induction of IVF/ICSI-ET ，and shows cost-effec- tiveness advantage.

New insights of CYP1A in endogenous metabolism: a focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms and diseases

Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), one of the major CYP subfamily in humans, not only metabolizes xenobiotics including clinical drugs and pollutants in the environment, but also mediates the biotransformation of important endogenous substances. In particular, some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genes may affect the metabolic ability of endogenous substances, leading to some physiological or pathological changes in humans. This review first summarizes the metabolism of endogenous substances by CYP1A, and then introduces the research progress of SNPs, especially the research related to human diseases. Finally, the relationship between SNPs and diseases is discussed. In addition, potential animal models for gene editing are summarized. In conclusion, CYP1A plays an important role in maintaining the health in the body.

Study of incidence of premature ovarian failure in patient attending outpatient department for infertility in a tertiary care centre

Background: To assess the incidence of premature ovarian failure in cases attending infertility outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care centre. A total of 350 patients attending infertility opd were screened over period of 150 days from which authors observed premature menopause in 10 cases accounting for an incidence of 2.8%. POF affects approximately one in 10,000 women by age 20; one in 1,000 women by age 30; one in 100 women by age 40.  Premature ovarian failure is a common cause of infertility in women.Methods: Patient attending outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with age less than 40 years and infertility, symptoms of menopause were enrolled for the study for duration of 150 days.Results: Present study authors found a total of 2.8% of patient presenting in our outpatient department for infertility had Premature ovarian failure.80% of them were symptomatic suffering with symptoms of hormonal deficiencies .100% of patient with infertility diagnosed as premature ovarian failure had low AMH and High FSH and LH levels indicating poor prognosis.Conclusions: Patient presenting with infertility and amenorrhoea can be cases of premature menopause. Here it is essential to investigate and treat the patient. Infertility might be one of the early presenting symptoms if not the first one. These patients if treated and diagnosed early can have a better living. Considering the wide spectrum of functional derangements in patient with early menopause and benefits of early hormone replacements these patients should be diagnosed and treated early.

Association of Thyroid Hormones with Prolactin, Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in Female Infertility

Human infertility is a major health problem worldwide having its impact on the social, psychological, economical and sexual life of a couple. Methods: Total of 80 subjects (Out of which 50 infertile female and 30 normal fertile female) were selected on gynecology infertility outpatient department between age group of 20 to 44 years. Out of 50 infertile women, 34 were of primary infertility and 16 of secondary infertility. Results: Statistically significant higher serum TSH levels were noted in the infertile subject with euthyroid (p=0.03) and hypothyroidism (p<0.001) when their distributions were compared to their respective fertile subjects. The rise in serum FT3 and FT4 in the infertile subjects with hyperthyroidism was found to be not significant as compared to the fertile subjects with hyperthyroidism. The mean serum prolactin concentration in the infertile female with euthyroid was significantly higher (p<0.01) than the fertile subjects with euthyroid. The infertile women with hypothyroidism had statistically significant higher prolactin levels than the other three categories (the fertile female and the infertile subjects with euthyroid and hyperthyroidism) (p<0.01). Conclusion: High prevalence of hypothyroidism was seen in infertile female. These disorders may lead to menstrual irregularities resulting in infertility.

A Prospective Analytical Study on PCOD Women with Reference to Clinical, Biochemical and Ultrasound Parameters

INTRODUCTION: - The clinical signs and symptoms of PCOS also vary among ethnic groups. The reason could be due to differences in lifestyle, dietary factors, genetic and biochemical composition. As the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome still seems to be unclear, a common definition and proper treatment plan for PCOS does not exist. METHODOLOGY: - 100 total number of cases were included in this study. This study was carried in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab RESULT:- In the present study showed highly significant Pearson correlation between LH/FSH & FT3, LH/FSH & TSH, Serum prolactin & TSH. CONCLUSION:-This study was suggested that, TVS is the most the important diagnostic tool and serum LH/FSH ratio was secondary tool.

Improvement of fertility parameters with tribulus terrestris and anacyclus pyrethrum treatment in male rats

ABSTRACT Objective Anacyclus Pyrethrum (AP) and Tribulus Terrestris (TT) have been reported as male infertility treatment in several studies; however, in Iranian traditional medicine these two plants are prescribed simultaneously. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of AP and TT extracts both separately and simultaneously on the male Wistar rat fertility parameters. Materials and Methods 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, TT, AP, and AT treated groups. Treatment continued for 25 days and rats were weighed daily. Their testes were dissected for histological studies. Sperm analysis including sperm count, viability and motility were performed. Serum was obtained to evaluate testosterone, LH and FSH levels. Histological studies were conducted to study Leydig, and Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and spermatid cell numbers, and to measure seminiferous diameter and epithelium thickness. Results Sperm count increased in all the treatment groups. Sperm viability and motility in AT and AP groups were elevated. TT and AT groups showed significantly increased testosterone level compared to control group (P=004, P=0.000, respectively) and TT, AP and AT treatment groups showed increased LH level (P=0.002, P=0.03 and P=0.000, respectively) compared to control, while only AT group showed increased FSH (p=0.006) compared to control. Histological studies showed significant increase of spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cell numbers and epithelial thickness in AT group compared to other groups. All the treatment groups had higher number of Leydig, spermatogonia and spermatid cells. Conclusion TT and AP improved sexual parameters; however, their simultaneous administration had higher improving effects on studied parameters.

Endocrine Dysfunction in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Introduction: Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of theconceptus before 20 weeks of gestation. Several disordersare known to contribute to recurrent miscarriage including:chromosomal anomalies; anti-cardiolipin antibodies;endocrine disorders such as poorly controlled diabetesmellitus; hyperprolactinaemia and thyroid diseases; andpelvic anatomic abnormalities. Study aimed to investigate theendocrine dysfunction in recurrent pregnancy lossMaterial and Methods: A prospective study comprising 70subjects was carried out. Fifty cases of recurrent abortionsconstituted the study group. Twenty healthy multipara femalesof same reproductive age group constituted the controlgroup. Venous blood samples were collected, and serum wasanalyzed for hormone analysis (T3, T4, TSH, LH, FSH, PRL,Testosterone) by ELISA method.Results: The mean prolactin level in cases of recurrentabortions was 19.96 ng/ml, while in controls was 11.77 ng/ml. The p value was 0.006 which was found to be statisticallyhighly significant. The mean TSH level in recurrent abortionscases was 5.81 mIU/L, while in controls was 1.95 mIU/L. Thep value was 0.004 which was found to be statistically highlysignificant.Conclusion: The patients with recurrent abortions hadsignificantly raised levels of TSH and Prolactin. Theprevalence of thyroid disorder and hyperprolactinemiawere higher in pregnant women with a history of recurrentabortion compared with healthy pregnant control population.Universal screening of pregnant females for endocrine profilecan improve the foetal outcome as well as social well-beingof females.

A prospective analysis of polycystic ovarian syndrome in infertile women

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a frequently occurring metabolic and reproductive endocrinopathy. Young women with PCOS mainly present with reproductive problems such as hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, infertility and chronic anovulation. Despite its high prevalence and implications on reproductive health, PCOS is underdiagnosed. The objective was to study the prevalence of PCO in women with infertility, their symptomatology, endocrine profiles and coexisting factors of infertility in women with PCOS.Methods: A prospective study was performed over a period of 6 months. Women presenting with infertility were subjected to detailed history taking, general and gynecological examination. Women with features of PCOS on ultrasound were identified and advised investigations such as serum FSH, LH, prolactin and laparoscopy when indicated.Results: During the study period, 102 patients consulted the infertility clinic, out of which 56 were diagnosed with PCOS. The prevalence of PCOS was found to be 54.9% among infertile women. Menstrual irregularity was found in 33 (59%) women, however, 23 (41%) had regular menstrual cycles. 4 among the 33 patients complained of dysmenorrhea, 5 had heavy menstrual bleeding. On examination, 19 (33.9%) were found hirsute, 8 (14.28%) had thyroid enlargement and 2 (3.57%) had galactorrhea. Investigations revealed mean FSH and LH levels of 8.7±2SD and 13.7±2SD respectively and mean LH/FSH ratio of 1.57±2SD.Conclusions: PCOS is a heterogenous disorder and with its high prevalence in infertile women, proper diagnosis and management is essential as it has many potential metabolic and cardiovascular risks if not managed appropriately.

FSH receptor binding inhibitor up-regulates ARID1A and PTEN genes associated with ovarian cancers in mice

Experiments were conducted to determine if the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor binding inhibitor (FRBI) impacts the expression levels of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in ovaries and blood, as well as expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone cognate receptor (FSHR) gene and proteins. Mice in FRBI-10, FRBI-20, FRBI-30, and FRBI-40 groups were intramuscularly injected with 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg FRBI/kg, respectively, for five consecutive days. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were utilized to determine expression levels of ARID1A and PTEN proteins and mRNAs. Serum ARID1A and PTEN concentrations of the FRBI-40 group were higher than the control group (CG) and FSH group (P<0.05). FSHR mRNA levels of FRBI-20, FRBI-30, and FRBI-40 groups were lower than that of CG and FSH groups on day 15 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Expression levels of FSHR proteins of FRBI-30 and FRBI-40 groups were lower than those of CG and FSH groups (P<0.05). Levels of ARID1A and PTEN proteins of the FRBI-30 group were greater than CG on days 20 and 30 (P<0.05). FRBI doses had significant positive correlations to levels of ARID1A and PTEN proteins. Additionally, ARID1A and PTEN had negative correlations to FSHR mRNAs and proteins. A high dose of FRBI could promote the expression levels of ARID1A and PTEN proteins in ovarian tissues. FRBI increased serum concentrations of ARID1A and PTEN. However, FRBI depressed expression levels of FSHR mRNAs and proteins in mouse ovaries.

Recent progress of NR5A1 gene mutation / 国际儿科学杂志

NR5A1 gene mutation is one of the common cause of 46 XY dysplasia (46,XY disorder of sex development,46,XY DSD),which is an autosomal dominant disease.It has wide phenotypes:46,XY gonadal dysplasia is the most common one,site-specific mutations can lead to adrenal dysfunction and may affect the height.In recent years,more and more studies have shown that the mutation of NR5A1 gene can lead to 46,XX ovotesticular DSD and 46,XX testicular DSD.The disease is also characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism,so LH and FSH are high,especially the FSH,leading to a decrease in LH/FSH.The treatment of NR5A1 gene mutation is mainly symptomatic.Gender identification needs to take many factors into consideration.Before puberty,children can use GnRHa to inhibit gonad development and avoid premature ovarian failure.In this review,recent progress of NR5A1 is summarized.

Electrophysiological responses to different follicle-stimulating hormone isoforms on human cumulus oophorus cells: preliminary results / Respostas eletrofisiológicas a diferentes isoformas de FSH em células humanas do cumulus oophorus: resultados preliminares

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to provide a better understanding of the specific action of two follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) isoforms (β-follitropin and sheep FSH) on the membrane potential of human cumulus cells. Methods Electrophysiological data were associated with the characteristics of the patient, such as age and cause of infertility. The membrane potential of cumulus cells was recorded with borosilicate microelectrodes filled with KCl (3 M) with tip resistance of 15 to 25 MΩ. Sheep FSH and β-follitropin were topically administered onto the cells after stabilization of the resting potential for at least 5 minutes. Results In cumulus cells, the mean resting membrane potential was - 34.02 ± 2.04 mV (n = 14). The mean membrane resistance was 16.5 ± 1.8 MΩ (n = 14). Sheep FSH (4 mUI/mL) and β-follitropin (4 mUI/mL) produced depolarization in the membrane potential 180 and 120 seconds after the administration of the hormone, respectively. Conclusion Both FSH isoforms induced similar depolarization patterns, but β-follitropin presented a faster response. A better understanding of the differences of the effects of FSH isoforms on cell membrane potential shall contribute to improve the use of gonadotrophins in fertility treatments.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi fornecer uma melhor compreensão da ação específica de duas isoformas de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH, sigla em inglês) (β-folitropina e FSH ovino) no potencial de membrana de células do cumulus oophorus humanas. Métodos Dados eletrofisiológicos foram associados às características da paciente, como idade e causa da infertilidade. O potencial de membrana das células do cumulus foi registrado com microeletrodos de borossilicato preenchidos com KCl (3 M) com uma resistência de 15 a 25 MΩ. O FSH ovino e a β-folitropina foram administrados topicamente nas células após a estabilização do potencial de repouso durante pelo menos 5 minutos. Resultados Nas células do cumulus, o potencial médio de membrana em repouso foi de -34,02 ± 2,04 mV (n = 14). A resistência média da membrana foi de 16,5 ± 1,8 MΩ (n = 14). O FSH ovino (4 mUI/mL) e a β-folitropina (4 mUI/mL) produziram despolarização no potencial de membrana 180 e 120 segundos após a aplicação do hormônio, respectivamente. Conclusão Ambas as isoformas de FSH induzem padrões de despolarização semelhantes, mas a β-folitropina apresentou uma resposta mais rápida. Uma melhor compreensão das diferenças dos efeitos das isoformas do FSH no potencial da membrana celular contribuirá para aprimorar o uso das gonadotrofinas no estímulo ovariano controlado e em protocolos de maturação oocitária in vitro.

Síndrome de Ovarios Poliquísticos / Polycystic ovary syndrome

Resumen El síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos (SOPQ) es la disfunción endocrino- metabólica más frecuente en mujeres de edad reproductiva. El diagnostico de esta patología se basa en la presencia de anovulación, hiperandrogenismo y ovarios poliquísticos. La etiología del SOPQ es compleja y multifactorial; por lo cual el tratamiento se basa en tratar las manifestaciones clínicas y la inducción de la ovulación en el momento que se desee la concepción.

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinologic and metabolic disfunction in reproductive- aged women. The diagnosis of this pathology is based on the presence of ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Its ethiology is complex and with multiple factors, therefore its treatment is based on fixing the clinical manifestations of the syndrome and in the case of women who would like to conceive, in inducing ovulation.